2,283 research outputs found
Out of equilibrium dynamics with decentralized exchange cautious trading and convergence to efficiency
Is the result that equilibrium trading outcomes are efficient in markets without frictions robust to a scenario where agents' beliefs and plans aren't already aligned at their equilibrium values? In this paper, starting from a situation where agents' beliefs and plans aren't already aligned at their equilibrium values, we study whether out of equilibrium trading converges to efficient allocations. We show that out-of-equilibrium trading does converge with probability 1 to an efficient allocation even when traders have limited information and trade cautiously. In economies where preferences can be represented by Cobb-Douglass utility functions, we show, numerically, that the rate of convergence will be exponential. We show that experimentation leads to convergence in some examples where multilateral exchange is essential to achieve gains from trade. We prove that experimentation does converge with probability 1 to an efficient allocation and the speed of convergence remains exponential with Cobb-Douglass utility functions
Poverty and Aspirations Failure
We develop a theoretical framework to study the psychology of poverty and 'aspirations failure'. In our framework, the rich and the poor share the same preferences - and also a behavioral bias in setting aspirations. Greater downside risks imposed by poverty exacerbates the effects of this behavioral bias: the poor are more susceptible to both an aspirations failure and pessimism about the likelihood of achieving success. Poverty limits the set of people whose life experiences the poor consider relevant for forming their own beliefs and aspirations. Mitigating behavioral poverty traps require policies which go beyond reducing material deprivation.Reference-dependent Preferences;Aspirations;Persistent Poverty;Locus of control;Simillarity and Belief Formation
Influence of the nature of confinement on the melting of Wigner molecules in quantum dots
We analyze the quantum melting of two-dimensional Wigner molecules (WM) in
confined geometries with distinct symmetries and compare it with corresponding
thermal melting. Our findings unfold complementary mechanisms that drive the
quantum and thermal crossovers in a WM and show that the symmetry of the
confinement plays no significant role in determining the quantum crossover
scale . This is because the zero-point motion screens the boundary effects
within short distances. The phase diagram as a function of thermal and quantum
fluctuations determined from independent criteria is unique, and shows
"melting" from the WM to both the classical and quantum "liquids." An
intriguing signature of weakening liquidity with increasing temperature, ,
is found in the extreme quantum regime. The crossover is associated with
production of defects. However, these defects appear to play distinct roles in
driving the quantum and thermal "melting." Our study will help comprehending
melting in a variety of experimental traps - from quantum dots to complex
plasma.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Selection of Dominant Characteristic Modes
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.The theory of characteristic modes is a popular
physics based deterministic approach which has found several recent
applications in the fields of radiator design, electromagnetic
interference modelling and radiated emission analysis. The modal
theory is based on the approximation of the total induced current
in an electromagnetic structure in terms of a weighted sum of
multiple characteristic current modes. The resultant outgoing
field is also a weighted summation of the characteristic field
patterns. Henceforth, a proper modal measure is an essential
requirement to identify the modes which play a dominant role
for a frequency of interest. The existing literature of significance
measures restricts itself for ideal lossless structures only. This
paper explores the pros and cons of the existing measures and
correspondingly suggests suitable alternatives for both radiating
and scattering applications. An example is presented in order
to illustrate the proposed modal method for approximating the
shielding response of a slotted geometry
Bimaximal Neutrino Mixing in a Zee-type Model with Badly Broken Flavor Symmetry
A Zee-type neutrino mass matrix model with a badly broken horizontal symmetry
SU(3)_H is investigated. By putting a simple ansatz on the symmetry breaking
effects of SU(3)_H for transition matrix elements, it is demonstrated that the
model can give a nearly bimaximal neutrino mixing with the ratio ,
which are in excellent agreement with the observed data. In the near future,
the lepton-number violating decay will be observed.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, a comment adde
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